Post by account_disabled on Aug 30, 2023 4:49:56 GMT
Cannabinoids could make opioids more effective, meaning pain relief with lower doses and reduced risk of dependency
RG: How did the vaccines work?
Sahin: We inject the vaccine into the patient’s lymph nodes, where Switzerland Mobile Number List so called dendritic cells, the coaches of the immune system, are resident. These take up the RNA and present each mutation to immune effector cells, so called T cells. This programs the T cells to find those cells in the body that carry the mutation, which would be only the cancer cells.
Such T cells against cancer cell mutations do arise spontaneously, but this process is inefficient. With the vaccine, we were able to induce immune responses in each and every patient, and against multiple mutations per patient.
RG: How effective were the vaccines?
Sahin: All 13 patients had a history of multiple relapses of their cancer before being enrolled, and eight of the 13 patients were in a tumor-free episode when they started personalized vaccination. They remained tumor-free for the whole follow-up period (up to 23 months).
The other five patients developed metastases before we could start personalized vaccination. Two of them had objective clinical responses, meaning measurable tumor mass shrinkage. One of these two had a complete response, meaning they became tumor-free under vaccination. The other had a partial response, meaning substantial shrinkage of the tumor.
RG: How did the vaccines work?
Sahin: We inject the vaccine into the patient’s lymph nodes, where Switzerland Mobile Number List so called dendritic cells, the coaches of the immune system, are resident. These take up the RNA and present each mutation to immune effector cells, so called T cells. This programs the T cells to find those cells in the body that carry the mutation, which would be only the cancer cells.
Such T cells against cancer cell mutations do arise spontaneously, but this process is inefficient. With the vaccine, we were able to induce immune responses in each and every patient, and against multiple mutations per patient.
RG: How effective were the vaccines?
Sahin: All 13 patients had a history of multiple relapses of their cancer before being enrolled, and eight of the 13 patients were in a tumor-free episode when they started personalized vaccination. They remained tumor-free for the whole follow-up period (up to 23 months).
The other five patients developed metastases before we could start personalized vaccination. Two of them had objective clinical responses, meaning measurable tumor mass shrinkage. One of these two had a complete response, meaning they became tumor-free under vaccination. The other had a partial response, meaning substantial shrinkage of the tumor.